Free Essays on Jewish Sects

JEWISH SECTS A Response Paper on â€Å"Three Jewish Sects and the Intertestament Period† Sharondah Duckett Southern Christian University In determining how to best respond to the sects present I had to do ask, which question presented one needs to consider the significant purpose behind the sects. Based on the research, and the effectiveness of the answered questions the three sects chosen where Pharisees, Sadducees, and Zealots. Williams says, â€Å"The rise of the Jewish sects is traceable to the impact of Hellenism on the life and the culture of the Near East. Each Sects individual development, philosophy, and history has its own foundation. Although, you can compare and contrast, that of the Pharisees and Sadducees within Intertestament period they still have separated philosophy. The Pharisees were, along with Sadducees where two of the three haereseis (â€Å"schools of thought†) that flourished among the Jews from the time of Jonathan the Hasmonean (d.143/2 B.C.E.) until the destruction of the second Temple in 70 C.E., according to Josephus Flavius. There are two different accounts about how the Pharisees and Sadducees came about. Williams, describes their history of Pharisees as being as early as â€Å"Hasidim, conservatives, sticklers for the Law and the traditions of the elders, believers in the angels, spirits, and the resurrection from the dead, ceremonial purity, and moral separateness†. He gives in to account also that â€Å"Hellenists, the priestly aristocracy of worldly-minded liberals became known as Sadducees† Meanwhile, the Jewish historian Josephus says, â€Å"The beginning of the Pharisees and the Sadducees not precisely known.† Josephus indicates, that â€Å"at the time of John Hyrcanus I (later half of the second century B.C.E.) The Pharisees had already formed an influential body.† The Sadducees, are first mentioned by the writings of Josephus in which he indicates â€Å"the Sadducees opposed the Pharisees i... Free Essays on Jewish Sects Free Essays on Jewish Sects JEWISH SECTS A Response Paper on â€Å"Three Jewish Sects and the Intertestament Period† Sharondah Duckett Southern Christian University In determining how to best respond to the sects present I had to do ask, which question presented one needs to consider the significant purpose behind the sects. Based on the research, and the effectiveness of the answered questions the three sects chosen where Pharisees, Sadducees, and Zealots. Williams says, â€Å"The rise of the Jewish sects is traceable to the impact of Hellenism on the life and the culture of the Near East. Each Sects individual development, philosophy, and history has its own foundation. Although, you can compare and contrast, that of the Pharisees and Sadducees within Intertestament period they still have separated philosophy. The Pharisees were, along with Sadducees where two of the three haereseis (â€Å"schools of thought†) that flourished among the Jews from the time of Jonathan the Hasmonean (d.143/2 B.C.E.) until the destruction of the second Temple in 70 C.E., according to Josephus Flavius. There are two different accounts about how the Pharisees and Sadducees came about. Williams, describes their history of Pharisees as being as early as â€Å"Hasidim, conservatives, sticklers for the Law and the traditions of the elders, believers in the angels, spirits, and the resurrection from the dead, ceremonial purity, and moral separateness†. He gives in to account also that â€Å"Hellenists, the priestly aristocracy of worldly-minded liberals became known as Sadducees† Meanwhile, the Jewish historian Josephus says, â€Å"The beginning of the Pharisees and the Sadducees not precisely known.† Josephus indicates, that â€Å"at the time of John Hyrcanus I (later half of the second century B.C.E.) The Pharisees had already formed an influential body.† The Sadducees, are first mentioned by the writings of Josephus in which he indicates â€Å"the Sadducees opposed the Pharisees i...

The 1800s and the Native American Plains Indians essays

The 1800s and the Native American Plains Indians essays In the latter half of the 19th century, the United States government began to take actions that would ultimately limit the presence and culture of Native Americans in the Great Plains region. These government actions were often corrupt in how they prompted mistreatment of the Plains Indians while serving as advantageous for Americans. New inhabitants of the Plains region viewed the land as a resource for production and thus adopted a selfish approach in which the landscape would be used for commercial purposes only. Consequently, the Plains Indians were often abused and taken advantage of. Simultaneously, at a time when agricultural development was evolving, technological developments helped drive the Native Americans back. New advancements in technology, such as the Transcontinental Railroad, promoted settlement in the Great Plains region. Thus, the encroachment of Indian land became habitual for newcomers. In one way or another, both technology and government actions led to the ultimate downfall of Native American culture and society in the Great Plains. Likewise, the lives of the Great Plains Indians would forever be transformed. The Transcontinental Railroad, completed in 1869, wielded tremendous economic and political power throughout the West. Moreover, the rapid settlement of the West could not have taken place without the railroad. More than 2 million Europeans, many recruited by professional promoters, settled the Great Plains between 1870 and 1900. Along with providing transportation links between the East and the West and potential markets as distant as China, the Western railroads directly encouraged settlement. While this would make trade and communication more efficient, it was bad news for the Native Americans. The Plain Indians knew that the institution of the railroad would bring white settlers to the Plains and would result in the encroachment of their land. The railroad essentially changed the land. Its construct...

Present and discuss the moral positions of Natural Law and Essay

Present and discuss the moral positions of Natural Law and Existentialism. Next evaluate the theories and discuss any relevant criticisms - Essay Example The same rationale continues that the right action is that which corresponds non-defectively with the good on the one hand. On the other hand, existential ethics places the individual as the primary point of concern and therefore, postulates that personal ethics and morality supersede popular ethics and social morality. The main underpinning of this ideological standpoint is existentialists’ belief in subjectivity of truth. In its bare form, existentialism is a cultural and philosophical movement which asserts that the genesis of philosophical thinking is individual experience and that scientific and moral thinking are insufficient in understanding human experience (Finnis, 32). Natural law has its strength being readily manifest in the complementary relationship between the law and morality. The law and natural law are seen to merge, since like the law, natural law becomes morally binding if it is just, able to be promulgated, directional towards common good, is made by someone holding appropriate authority and is reasonable. For instance, there can be no law that decriminalises any form of stealing or crimes against humanity since acts that bring about these crimes do not meet the qualities of natural law such as being geared towards common good. Secondly, the strength of natural law is seen in the fact that it supersedes the law, generatively. The fact that natural law is naturally knowable by all humans, with the good anteceding the right and comprising people’s natural and common ends makes the legislation against crime possible (Pearce, 1339). At its best, existentialism only fosters tolerance and at its worst, remains ultimately impractical. By saying that individual experience is the starting point in encountering the truth and that scientific and moral thinking are insufficient in understanding human experience, existentialists leave no room for the judgment of another person’s actions. However, existentialist ethics

Exploring Refugees religion continuity and change Essay

Exploring Refugees religion continuity and change - Essay Example She motivated me to participate on local and international events. I consider myself a lucky woman because I had the chance to come to the United States and experience the richness of the culture and knowledge. I was blessed to meet fantastic people who I learned something from each one of them. Through my study in University of Delaware, I have had the honor of taking many inspiring classes taught by intelligent, passionate, and caring professors, and I learned many things through my discussion with my friends and colleagues whom I had classes. During the past three years, my family and friends contributions were very essential on my emotional support. I could not have done any of this without their support, prayers, encouragement, and advices that helped me through stress and confusion. In addition, I am truly thankful for my friend Saied who encouraged me through tough time, and who was always there for me. He made sure to take care of my health problem, and volunteered to drive me for conducting the interviews. I would like to thank all the individuals who agreed to be interviewed. I greatly appreciate their hospitality to invite me to their houses, giving me their time, and speaking freely about their religion, rituals, challenges, and hopes. They gave me the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of their lives. It is my hope that this research project help to promote a better image about Muslims, and that American gain better understanding for Muslim families. 24 I follow the same rituals same as back home. For example, I only eat halal food where we buy a whole slaughtered sheep and we keep it in the freezer. Also, I do not shake men’s hands, and people know I am a Muslim and these things are forbidden. (H, 39, 131) 60 The studies of Arab Muslim refugees in the United States are just in the beginning; research is needed on wellbeing of families. Refugees have more challenges than many other immigrants because of what they have experienced

College Life Essay Example for Free

College Life Essay College life is stress free; whoever said anything about it being difficult is ludacris. Being in college is so nice. There is work but there isn’t as much work as in high school. The assignments aren’t due for credit or points in our final grade. We do assignments for fun. It’s no big deal if we don’t do our homework, cramming the material the night before always works, that’s how high school was. The rest of the time we don’t have class we hang out with friends and talk until the day ends. There are so many things to do on campus such as joining clubs, going downtown, going shopping, or walking around campus with friends; there is no time for homework. There is only time for exploring and having fun in college. That’s what the college life is all about having fun and socializing to our hearts content at parties, during class, after classes and on the weekends. All of the socializing outside of school leads you to do well in college. Testing your boundaries and finding out what you truly love to do. Classes are there to keep you on track and help you appreciate what you’re doing outside of school. School is there to help you realize what you want to do in the future, whether it is your new hobby or your career. College is all about finding yourself. You can always make up the schoolwork anytime, but the main focus that schools want you to do is to have fun while being able to balance assignments and school. They are preparing you for your exciting future in the real world. The real world and the world of college are different but pretty much the same, there are the same workloads and most definitely the same enjoyment in the things you do at work and in college. College work is harder since you have to worry about making connections in college and keeping them strong because those relationships are those that you’re going to treasure most. No one talks about high school memories, everyone talks about college memories. That’s why having the most fun those college years and caring less about school is the way to go for the best college memories and experiences you may ever have, in your entire life. Life is going to be boring without those college years of fun, going in to the working world with more experiences  from college gives you a head up in the game, called the real world. Although you think its bad for you now, but wait until you get to tell everyone about your experiences in college during those job interviews. They will be excited to hire you right off the bat knowing that you are ready for the real world. Ready to work now that you have experience in experiencing the world to its fullest, and being able to share those experiences and relating them to people and their situations. My modest proposal is to enjoy yourself in college, don’t worry too much about the grades. Be in college for the education but don’t forget to go wild when having fun during those college years. You never know when you’re going to be able to experience them again in the real world.

Prejudice and Racism - Home Ownership in A Raisin in the Sun and in Ame

The Black’s Quest for a Home Ownership in A Raisin in the Sun and in America    In the famous 1959 "kitchen debate" with Russian premier Nikita Khrushchev, Richard Nixon asserted the American Dream of homeownership was available to all Americans regardless of class, race, or any other social constraint. For Nixon, this claim was proof of America's dominance over Russia-of democracy's superiority over communism. Nixon, however, greatly exaggerated the availability of homeownership; owning a home in the suburbs was not an option for all Americans, particularly African Americans. Government subsidies, which were so important in making homes affordable, were not extended to blacks. Furthermore, suburban communities around the country sought to keep their neighborhoods segregated by prohibiting blacks from buying homes through "restrictive covenants." William Levitt, whose Levittown communities symbolized postwar prosperity and the American Dream, would not sell homes to blacks until the government mandated him to integrate in the late 1950s. And the black fami lies who were then successful in attaining a home in the suburbs risked constant threats and violence from their white neighbors who feared, among other issues, that their property values would decrease and their communities would decay. In her 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberry tackled these issues before they had fully exploded into the American conscience. Her play reveals the fears and restraints, which kept many blacks from achieving the 1950's American Dream.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dominant theme in A Raisin in the Sun is the quest for home ownership. The play is about a black family living in the Southside of Chicago-a poverty-stricken, African Ame... ...58. Jackson, Kenneth. The Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York. Oxford University Press, 1985. Lemann, Nicholas. The Promised Land.   New York.   Vintage Books, 1991. Marling, Karal Ann.   As Seen on TV.   Cambridge. Harvard University Press, 1994. May, Elaine Tyler. Homeward Bound. New York. Basic Books, 1988. Patterson, James T.   Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974. New York. Oxford University Press,1996. Riesman, David. The Lonely Crowd.   New Haven. Yale University Press, 1961. Rose, Jerry D. The Lonely Crowd: A Critical Commentary.   New York. Americn R.D. Corporation, 1965. Rosenberg, Rosalind. Divided Lives: American Women in the Twentieth Century. New York. Hill and Wang, 1992. Segrue, Thomas J. The Origins of the Urban Crisis. Princeton, New Jersey. Princeton University Press, 1996.

Developing Business Skills Essay

How do OMM activities create value and a competitive advantage at the input, operations, and output stages? The input stage of the operations and materials management process would include the materials needed to create the finished goods that the consumer desires. This is where the company determines the amount of value they create for the customer by purchasing products that have the greatest value for the money. The operations stage of the process is where the skills, knowledge, machines, and experts come together to produce the goods and services to sell to the consumer at the lowest cost possible to remain competitive in their market. The output stage of this process is when the products that were produced reach the customers that they were intended for. If these products cost more to make than the competitors, then the consumers will likely not buy their product because the cost will be higher to cover the expenses involved in making them. What is TQM, and why is it important for a company to improve the quality of its products? In terms of a company’s input, operations, and output stages, how can TQM be used to create a competitive advantage? The term TQM refers to total quality management and refers to techniques used to improve operational efficiency and effectiveness. This operational technique is aimed toward continuous improvement within the company from input to output. This technique helps companies to reduce the production time it takes to make a product as well as the waste involved in the process too. When a company focuses on streamlining their production process it allows them to reduce their initial cost involved in producing their products which, in turn, reduces their overall cost and allows them to pass the savings on to their consumers. What is Six Sigma, and it what ways can it be used to reduce the costs of a company’s OMM process? In terms of a company’s input, operations, and output stages, how can Six Sigma be used to create a competitive advantage? Six Sigma refers to the process that can measure how far a task deviates from perfection. It can also figure where the problems derive from and figure out ways to eliminate them. This process can produce no more than 3.4 defects per million chances for nonconformance. It revolves around six key concepts to acquire perfection within the process. These would include: critical to quality, defect, process capability, variation, stable operations, and design for Six Sigma. These six key concepts focus on how the consumers discern their product and the value that it provides to them. I have worked for a company that has this process in place and the key component that I found helpful was the fact that everything had a specific place that it should be. This made finding things very easy which eliminated running around hunting for things that you needed for the production process. This cut down on time wasted and made the production of the product much less time consuming. How does a just-in-time inventory system operate? In terms of a company’s input, operations, and output stages, how can JIT be used to create a competitive advantage? A just-in-time (JIT) inventory system requires that inputs and components are delivered at the exact moment they are needed to reduce the inventory levels. These systems cut costs by not requiring products stored in inventory for days or even weeks ahead of time. This allows a company to keep their overhead down and only purchase the exact amount of product they need to produce the product they are making. One way for a company to create a competitive advantage with a JIT is to work with their suppliers to incorporate a JIT process as well to reduce costs and increase quality. This process allows a company to change the design of their product without producing an abundance of their previous products because they must use up their inventory.

Care for the physical and nutritional needs of babies and young children Essay

When planning meals for young children it is best to meet their nutritional needs. Each meal should be the right consistency for the child and include all of the major food groups. There are five food groups, bread, cereals and potatoes (starchy food), fruit and vegetables, milk cheese and yoghurt, meat, fish eggs, beans, lentils (protein) and foods high in fat and sugar. When planning a meal the fruit and vegetables should be served at each meal and should try and have five servings of either each day. Milk cheese and yoghurts should be served three times a day and bread and cereals either as a snack such as bread sticks or as an accompaniment to a meal. Meat, fish or a vegetarian option should be served three times a day. Foods which are high in fat and sugar can be included every day in addition to the other food groups but one a child is 2 years old you can gradually lower the fat in their diet. All of the five food groups combined will give the nutrients required for a healthy balanced diet. Young children should eat according to the appetites and not portion sizes. It is good to introduce new foods to children and encourage them to try these and let the parents know what meals the children have tried to encourage a large choice of different foods. You also need to be aware of any cultural diets that may need extra consideration. Tamara Wright CYPOP 2: Care for the physical and nutritional needs of babies and young children 6.2 Some children may suffer some allergies or intolerance to foods. A child with a server allergy to nuts may react even if someone else in the room has a bar with nuts in depending on the severity of the allergy. The child may react in various ways such as swelling of the skin or a rash or start to be unable to breath easily. All instructions received from carers regarding their children should be advised to all staff and in areas such as the kitchen a photo of the child with their allergy written in large should be displayed so everyone who may be serving the child food is aware. It is best that children under 1 year are not given cows milk to drink because their digestive system cannot cope with it. Also avoid with baby’s shark, swordfish and marlin because it contains high levels of mercury and this can affect the baby’s growing nervous system. Avoid raw shell fish to reduce the risk of developing food poison. Foods that are low-fat, low calorie and high in fibre foods are not suitable for babies as they needs small portions that contain lots of nutrients and calories. Nuts should not be given to children under 5 years as they can choke on them. If there is a history of a allergy of peanuts in the family then this should be checked by a doctor. As with any type of allergy it can lead to a severe reaction, or possibly an anaphylactic shock and will need to be treated at hospital or immediately with an Epi pen. Some children have a reaction to eggs whether they are cooked on uncooked. Eggs may contain bacteria if not cooked correctly this can lead to food poisoning.

buy custom Drink Healthy Corporation essay

buy custom Drink Healthy Corporation essay The target audience for this proposal is high schools students and this is so because of many reasons. To begin with, most high school students are at their adolescent stage, and most of them consume a lot of food and drinks. They therefore purchase lots of these foods and beverages from different people; some of these might be a potential danger to their health. A study published in 2005 showed that high school children in the United States consume a lot of light soft drinks. The study put the consumption frequency of these drinks at 82% (Vereecken, 2005). Secondly, high school students have the knowledge and an understanding of their health. This is because most district high schools always recommend that their students take a compulsory course on health matter before their graduation. Undertaking such an exercise in schools will give these students a chance to put the theory they learn in health classes into practice. Such practice is meant to equip the students with even more kno w-how on healthy eating habits which should be improved and maintained even into adulthood (Vereecken, 2005). Another reason for choosing high school is that rapid growth takes place during adolescence, and the bodily features acquired during adolescence always determine the future wellbeing of an individual. Therefore, it is important to povide healthy foods to students and inform them on healthy matters so that their body parts develop in a healthy manner (Vereecken, 2005). Lastly, high school students often interact with various individuals; one will find that they have friends in school, their family members and many other social places. This means that if they are educated on healthy eating habits, they are most likely able to pass this information to many other individuals who will indirectly benefit in this project. Our proposal would be unique as we would provide stands and mobile shops around the school. We will also provide training services during public and athletic events in the school. Job Opportunities for Students Providing job opportunities equips them with knowledge and gives them an opportunity to practice what they have learnt. It also ensures that they act responsibly on the tasks they are allocated and this ensures that they are conscious of what they indulge in. Job opportunities also improve the students capability to help others and learn from them. Just like college students gain real world knowledge while going on internship program, high school students can learn to gain similar knowledge while working during athletic events or even public events that have been organized by schools in the district. Havving job training can assist students to learn how to manage their time and events and provide them with a perspective of how they have to prepare themselves for their future professional life. Statistics on Obesity Obesity among teenagers is the leading health problem in the United States of America. A report by the Institute of Medicine indicates that over 8 million children over 6 years have obesity, of these 14% are overweight (TT, 2009). This number continues to enlarge with time. What is even more alarming is the fact that adolescents with obesity always maintain this problem into adulthood. This means that in the future health of most Americans will be at risk, and there might be no role models to teach children and the adolescents on healthy eating habits (TT, 2009). Teenagers that have obese problems face a lot of challenges in social places such as schools. There is a discrimination which is distressing to these students, and this eventually results to stress and low self-esteem among teenagers. These teenagers may never get a chance to improve their status. The major causes of obesity are unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical practice. Teenagers and their parents should ensure that they indulge in physical practice and consume healthy foods in order to avoid obesity (TT, 2009). Buy custom Drink Healthy Corporation essay

Fidelios Initial Response Essay Example

Fidelios Initial Response Essay Example Fidelios Initial Response Essay Fidelios Initial Response Essay Fidelio, Beethovens only opera, is difficult to analyze in the Reception Theory due mainly to the fact that it was released on three separate occasions, changing drastically each time. Its difficult to really understand the general audiences reception to Fidelio, unless analyzing each release separately due to the differences in each piece respectively. Regardless of which form of Fidelio youre discussing, it has become common knowledge that the final version, released in 1814, became widely regarded as an operatic masterpiece over the years. The goal of this paper is to review the general publics response to each of the revised pieces, and attempt to determine when exactly the final work grew to be hailed as a masterpiece. Beethoven took his time over a span of years looking through libretto after libretto to write what he thought would be the greatest opera of the time. Though that sounds a bit arrogant, he was Beethoven; the greatest composer of western music to date, and that was his goal. Finally he stumbled across a libretto inspired by the French technique, which intrigued him, and he jumped at the opportunity. : By November of 1805, the initial version of what was called at the time Leonora, was ready to be premiered. A key fact to the reception of this piece however lies in history. In late October 1805, Napoleons armies were bearing down on Vienna (Brener 27). By the 30th they had entered Salzburg, leading to the flea of most persons of wealth and nobility (27). These people were who would have normally made up the audience at a premier such as Beethovens first and last opera. So it was under these horrendous circumstances that Fidelio was performed at the Theatre an der Wien (28). The usual audience had either fled or was unable to reach the theater as the city had been closed to the suburbs (28). The initial version of the opera was a very long, drawn out piece, consisting of three acts. Needless to say under the circumstances the first performance was not acclaimed by either the reviewers or the audiences. After three performances Beethoven withdrew the opera in disgust, for further review (28). It is safe to say the initial result was what no one expected as it was ridiculed by audiences and critics alike. After the initial catastrophe, Beethoven went back to work importing a new librettist, shortening the work, and changing some music as well. By 1806 it was ready to be premiered again, and this time to the usual audience. The performance was extremely anticipated, however again failed in the eyes of the critics; however more importantly to Beethoven was the opinion of the audiences. The audience adored the re-release. The great Hector Berlioz states: Some time afterwards, however, it reappeared; modified in several ways, both as to music and text; and furnished with a new overture. This second trial was a complete success; and Beethoven, loudly recalled by the audience, was brought upon the stage after the first act, and again after the second act; the finale of which produced an enthusiasm hitherto unknown at Vienna. The score of Fidelio was, however, none the less subject to varying degrees of bitter criticism (132). Although the second release of Fidelio was certainly better received than the first, and to the correct audience, Berlioz goes on to say, The fact is that, of these three scores, the first is extremely weak; the second scarcely a work of talent; and the third a masterpiece of genius (133). This statement exemplifies the bulk of Reception Theory research found today. Though the second version of Fidelio was rather widely acclaimed and began to play all over Europe at different theatre companies, it was not until the third and final version, released in 1814, that Fidelio could be called an operatic masterpiece for the ages. Many years and many works after the release of the second version of Fidelio, with yet another librettist and more changes including the addition of an overture, the final version of Fidelio premiered on 23 May 1814. This form and performance catapulted Fidelio into a widely acclaimed masterpiece of opera. Critics and audiences alike would praise the work for years and years to come, as it is still acclaimed as one of the great operas of the time today. Beethoven in response to the much awaited success wrote in his daybook, It is certain that one writes best when one writes for the public (Brener 31). The Reception Theory combines a variety of thoughts on a piece with its reception by the critics and general public at the time, and when the piece is widely acclaimed, which could be much later in time. Often times works that are experimental in one era become hailed as masterpieces in another, thats the whole point of the Reception Theory, to determine when a work makes this crossover. Beethovens Fidelio had the perfect timing as far as this approach states. With the final changes to the piece, it became praised as one of the all-time masterpieces almost immediately. One can only guess at the depth of Beethovens frustration upon being repeatedly told, by even the most well-meaning of his admirers, that he was writing for the future and that he could not be understood in his own day (Brener 31). What Fidelio, accomplished upon completion and acclaim was prove to Beethoven that as often as his pieces were based on where music was going, he could still write for the people of the time, while moving in the direction of the future. What is found upon further research is that Fidelio has grown like a fine wine, though highly praised in 1814 at the conception of the final version; it has only grown in the publics appreciation over time. There is not exact date in which the work crossed over to a masterpiece, essentially from the final versions premiere it was a fact understood by the audience, that this was and would be a great opera for a lengthy period of time.

Observation paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Observation paper - Essay Example Olive Garden has an organizational culture that emphasizes family values and continuous employee growth. Martin (2002) defined organizational culture as composed of different manifestations, including stories, rituals, practices, language, and physical arrangements (as cited in Keyton, 2011, p.20). As an employee of Olive Garden, the student has firsthand experience of what it is. In terms of stories, employees talk about their family at work and their work with their families because that is what Olive Garden wants to achieve- a sense of family bonding within the company. The organization’s rituals are composed of daily operations, including keeping the place clean and homey and the guests delighted and satisfied with the service, ambiance, and food. Olive Garden wants to make guests feel that they are just dining at home, so the atmosphere is quite casual, although it has employees that serve food and take care of customers. As for the company’s formal practices, empl oyees are well-trained to provide excellent customer service. All of them are hired because of their smile and ability to be patient and friendly toward customers. Olive Garden restaurants usually have good locations and tend to be jam-packed. Servers are trained to remain patient and accommodating even during these times. Informal practices include managers who check on the quality of service of employees and customers’ satisfaction levels and servers who go the extra mile to please clients. The jargon of the company is a mix of Italian and American words that employees use with one another. These words emphasize working together, especially during peak time. The physical arrangement of the restaurants is arranged to accommodate small and large groups, including families. The layout is spacious, and so it is normal to see young kids running around. Olive Garden is not perfect though, and it has some management problems. First, because of the â€Å"family† culture, som e managers tend to have favorites. These favorites are given more flexible (or the most sought after) schedules and busy stations where tips are most likely to be received. Second, the pay is good but not competitive and opportunities for promotion are limited. Some of those who have been loyal to Olive Garden have left because they want career advancement, but not all are given the opportunity to move up. Several think that Olive Garden is not as â€Å"family-like† as it wants to be. Some employees are not supporting each other too, so a few servers end up doing more work than others. To resolve these problems, four recommendations are offered. First, the management must lead through ensuring that the vision is alive in the company through providing fair treatment to all employees. The vision of the company emphasizes the improvement of the quality of lives of internal and external customers and this cannot be achieved when favoritism is present. Zacarro and Banks asserted t hat leaders must be able to use the organizational mission and vision for setting collection action (Gill, 2011, p.104). To influence

The History of Management Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of Management Theory - Research Paper Example The classical school of management outlined the scientific management principles and suggested to use scientific methods to deal with the problems of handling assembly lines. More emphasis was placed on achieving specialization so that productivity can be improved. The Human Relations School however, attempted to add more dimensions to the management and suggested the psychological dimensions of the management also. (Roth, 1994) The open system school attempted to reconcile the differences of classical and human relations school and provided a system approach to view organizations as a complete system with humans operating as one part of the whole system. The social action school has also put forward the arguments of viewing the employees as individuals having their own interests and goals. The social action school of management is one of the latest advancements in the theory of management. Comparison and Contrast between Classical and Human Relations School Classical School of Manag ement is considered as the oldest school of management and it started with the advent of industrial revolution in developed countries. ... however, refused under the human relations school wherein it was outlined that organization is not just a mechanical thing with employees working like mechanical objects. Employees being the humans also possess feelings and have their social needs and it is the responsibility of the management to actually account for such social needs of the employees. My current organization, considering employees having social needs and responsibilities, tend to provide different facilities such as leaves, bonuses, paid vacations etc which actually help employees to free themselves from the stress of work and to become more productive in nature. This also serves as the source of intrinsic motivation for most of the employees as it outlines that the organization is taking care of the needs of the employees and employees feel the part of the organization. Work is also delegated to the employees and there is more need to develop employees which can perform multiple tasks. There is therefore a clear di version from the principles of scientific management which advocates for the specialization of the tasks whereas my current organization focuses on developing the capabilities of the employees in different areas of the work so that can better perform for the overall organization level. Scientific management also advocated the use of things like following best practices, complying with the policies and manuals of the company. This view has been held till now also wherein management still believes that employees work as economic agents with their own self-directed interests to achieve monetary gains. In order to provide such monetary gains to the employees, management must force them to comply with their policies and manuals. Though human relations movement did not negated this position but